> Metastatic Breast Cancer (Stage IV or Advanced Breast Cancer)
Metastatic breast cancer (stage IV) is also called advanced breast cancer (for more on cancer stage, see the Diagnosis section). The cancer, which began in the breast, has spread to other organs in the body (most often the bones, lungs or liver). Metastatic cancer usually develops some time after the initial treatment has failed and cancer has returned (more on recurrence). Sometimes, women are diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer at the time of their initial presentation, but this is not common (five percent of women) in the U.S. [80].
As hard as it is to hear, metastatic breast cancer cannot be cured. Unlike breast cancer that remains in the breast or nearby lymph nodes, you cannot get rid of all the cancer that has spread to other organs. This does not mean, however, that it cannot be treated. Some people with metastatic breast cancer live for many years, and researchers continue to develop new and better treatments.
Treatment of metastatic breast cancer focuses on lengthening life while maintaining quality of life. Your treatment plan is guided by several factors, including the characteristics of the tumor, the extent of the cancer in the body, the symptoms you are having and any prior treatments that you have had. If the cancer has hormone receptors, the first treatment is hormone therapy. If the cancer is HER2/neu positive, trastuzumab (Herceptin) may be given. Chemotherapy and radiation can be used to shrink or slow the growth of tumors or to ease symptoms of the cancer itself. However, these therapies have side effects that can affect quality of life. Talking openly about these issues with your health care providers and your family can help you decide what is best for you. Participating in a support group may help you think through these issues.
Treatment guidelines
Although the exact treatment for metastatic breast cancer varies from person to person, several organizations have guidelines to help ensure quality care. These guidelines are based on the latest research, and some are available online. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and National Comprehensive Care Network (NCCN) are two respected organizations that regularly update and post their guidelines online. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) also has overviews of treatment options.
Updated 01/22/10
